改善换乘-中国多模式换乘枢纽开发的最佳做法(英文 106页)

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改善换乘-介绍中国最佳做法多模式换乘枢纽开发

多模式换乘枢纽是实现可持续交通系统是至关重要的。换乘枢纽拼接了不同的运输方式，提高了移动性和便利性。本书介绍规划和设计理念，以提高换乘和旅客的整个旅程体验。主要突出了枢纽不仅是各种运输方式衔接的地方，也是社会交往的场所。其经验教训和提出的建议可用于在中国建立下一代多式联运枢纽起着重要的借鉴作用。

Contents

Figures, Tables, and Images v

Foreword vii

Acknowledgments viii

Abbreviations ix

Executive Summary x

1 INTRODUCTION 1

Interchange Hubs in the People’s Republic of China: Challenges and Prospects for Development 1

Objectives and Scope 3

What Are Interchange Hubs 3

Characteristics of Interchange Hubs 4

Factors to Consider in Interchange Hub Planning and Design 7

Major Working Stages of Interchange Hub Planning and Design 11

2 INTERCHANGE HUB SITE SELECTION 13

Site Selection and Positioning of Railway Stations 13

Factors to Consider during Interchange Hub Site Selection 18

Interchange Hub Size and Land Use Analysis 23

3 TRANSPORT PLANNING 27

Analysis of Impact Factors 27

Integration of Existing Transport Systems Around the Hub 29

Scale, Standard, and Level of Major Traffic Facilities (Stations) 33

Characteristics of Passenger Flow in Interchange Hubs 36

Concepts and Methods for Passenger Flow Forecasting 38

Forecasting Passenger Distribution and Transfer Flows 39

Introduction of Subway 41

Forms of Subway Stations 44

Vertical Planning of Subway Station in an Interchange Hub 47

4 CORE AREA LAYOUT PLANNING 53

Major Factors that Affect the Interchange Hub Layout 53

Feasibility Study of Symmetrical Stations on Both Sides 53

Functional Layout of Railway Stations 60

Contents

Coach Terminal Functional Layout Pattern 70

Planning Layout and Streamlining the Organization of Road Traffic Facilities

Relating to Interchange Hubs 72

5 DESIGNING ANCILLARY FACILITIES 78

Setup of Commercial Facilities 78

Layout of Hub Facilities 80

Building and Interior Design of the Interchange Hub 84

6 CONCLUSION 89

REFERENCES 91

Figures, Tables, and Images

FIGURES

1.1 Annual Number of Passengers by Transport Mode per Year 1

1.2 Hierarchy of Rail Hubs in the People’s Republic of China 5

1.3 Interchange Hubs and Higher Density in London 6

1.4 Spatial Range of Jinan West Railway Station 8

1.5 Stages of Interchange Hub Planning 11

2.1 Site of Tianjin South Railway Station 14

2.2 Tianjin West Railway Station, People’s Republic of China 15

2.3 Polycentric Urban Development and Interchange Hubs 17

2.4 Ring Railway Lines 17

2.5 Jinan West Railway Station Site Plan and Urban Development 20

2.6 Land Use around Jinan West Railway Station 21

2.7 Interchange Hub Land Use Diagram 24

3.1 Diagram of Road Network Surrounding the Beijing South Railway Station 30

3.2 Concepts for Passenger Flow Forecast of Interchange Hub 38

3.3 Tianjin Railway Station Interchange Hub Passenger Flow Analysis Chart 42

3.4 Tianjin Railway Station Interchange Hub National Railway Passenger Flow Analysis Chart 42

3.5 Analysis Chart of Transfer Passenger Flow between Subway and Railway and Subways

in Tianjin Railway Station Interchange Hub 43

3.6 Beijing South Railway Station Passenger Flow Distribution Ratio Diagram 43

3.7 Diagram of Tianjin Station Subway Transfer Nodes 45

3.8 Illustration of a “5-Stop 4 Segments” Layout 49

3.9 Diagram of Tianjin West Railway Station Metro Line 4 Shield Tunnel Station 50

3.10 Tianjin West Railway Station Metro Line 4 Shield Tunnel Station Schematic Plan 51

3.11 Tianjin West Railway Station Metro Line 4 Shield Tunnel Station Sectional Schematic Diagram 51

4.1 Tianjin Binhai Railway Station 54

4.2 Jinan West Railway Station 55

4.3 Laiyang Railway Station 55

4.4 Beijing South Railway Station, Elevated Levels of Traffic 58

4.5 Functional Layout of Railway Stations 60

4.6 Boarding Ticket Gate Location Diagram 62

4.7 Qingdao-Yong Chen Intercity Railway Jimo North Station Yard Layout 64

4.8 Line Side Station Buildings 65

4.9 End-Type Stations 65

4.10 Belowground Station Buildings 66

4.11 Aboveground Station Buildings 66

4.12 Complex Station Buildings 66

Figures, Tables, and Images

4.13 Ground Level Station Structure—With Main Platform 68

4.14 Aboveground Station Structure 68

4.15 Belowground Station Structure 69

4.16 Coach Terminal Adjacent to the Interchange Hub in the Jinan West Railway Station 70

4.17 Integrated Layout of the Bus Station and the Interchange Hub 72

4.18 Bus Drop-Off Areas in the South Square of the Beijing South Railway Station 73

4.19 Taxi Parking Lots in the Shanghai Hongqiao Station 76

5.1 Commercial Layout of Underground Space in the Beijing South Railway Station 79

TABLES

1.1 Local Laws and Regulations 10

2.1 Distance of Selected Interchange Hubs from Coach Stations in Northern People’s Republic of China 19

2.2 Resettlement Costs of Some Urban Railway Lines in the People’s Republic of China 22

2.3 Interchange Hub Station Characteristics of Selected Interchange Hub Stations 26

3.1 Specifications and Standards Used for Passenger Demand Forecasting in the People’s Republic of China 34

3.2 Railway Station Design Specification 35

3.3 Road Transport Passenger Station Design Specifications 36

3.4 Public Transport Hub Design Specification 36

IMAGES

1.1 Wuchang, People’s Republic of China 4

2.1 Tianjin Railway Station and Its Surrounding Areas 19

3.1 Cycle Parking under the Central Station in Malmö, Sweden 31

3.2 Coaches for Cycle Users in Malmö, Sweden 32

3.3 Bike Racks in Buses—Ontario, Canada 32

3.4 Subway Station—Beijing South Railway Station 44

4.1 Beijing South Railway Station 54

4.2 Automated Ticketing Stations 61

4.3 Ticket Office—Service Counters in Beijing South Interchange Hub 63

4.4 Automated Ticket Machines in Beijing South Interchange Hub 63

5.1 Escalators inside the Beijing Station 81

5.2 Escalators inside the Tianjin Binhai Railway Station 82

5.3 Information Signs 1 82

5.4 Information Signs 2 83

5.5 Design of the Yujiabao Interchange Hub Waiting Area 85

5.6 Design of the Basement in the Tianjin West Railway Station by Using Natural Light 85

5.7 Designing the Use of Natural Light in the Shanghai Hongqiao Railway Station 86

5.8 Beijing South, PRC. Curved Station Roof Reflects Traditional Temple Design 87

5.9 Beijing South, PRC. Easy to Read Station Clocks as Essential Element of Good Interior Design 87

5.10 Tianjin East, PRC. Painting on the Ceiling Station 88

5.11 Tianjin East, PRC. Murals on Station Walls 88