The Art Market 2022
Tables and Figures 3
Acknowledgments 9
Director’s Foreword 11
Foreword by UBS 12
Key Findings 14
Key Findings 21
1.1 | Overview of Global Sales 23
1.2 | Regional Market Performance 28
1.3 | Online Sales 36
1.4 | Art and NFTs in 2021 40
Key Findings 61
2.1 | Dealers Surveyed in 2021 63
2.2 | Dealer Sales 68
2.3 | Dealer Margins 80
2.4 | Buyers 84
2.5 | Art Fairs 89
2.6 | Online Sales and Strategies 104
2.7 | Outlook for the Dealer Sector 115
Key Findings 120
3.1 | Auction Sales in 2021 122
3.2 | Online Auction Sales 135
3.3 | Price Segmentation in Fine Art Auctions 148
3.4 | Fine Art Sectors 156
3.5 | Post-War and Contemporary Art 161
3.6 | Modern Art 171
3.7 | Impressionism and Post-Impressionism 176
3.8 | Old Masters and European Old Masters 181
Key Findings 189
4.1 | Global Wealth in 2021 191
4.2 | Wealth Distribution and Millionaires 195
4.3 | Billionaires in 2021 199
4.4 | HNW Collector Survey 203
4.5 | Description of the HNW Collector Sample 209
4.6 | The Content of Collections 213
4.7 | Expenditure on Art in 2021 220
4.8 | Expenditure on Digital Art and NFTs 229
4.9 | Buying Channels for HNW Collectors in 2021 234
4.10 | HNW Collector Perceptions and
4.11 | HNW Collectors’ Concerns in 2021 251
5 Outlook
Key Findings 254
5.1 | Conclusions 255
5.2 | Outlook for 2022 260
Figure 1.1 | Sales in the Global Art Market 2009–2021 25
Figure 1.2 | Growth in Sales by Value in the Global Art and Antiques Market 2009–2021 26
Figure 1.3 | Global Art Market Share by Value in 2021 28
Figure 1.4 | Global Art Market Share of the US, UK, and Greater China 2012–2021 29
Figure 1.5 | Sales in the Major Art Markets 2009–2021 30
Figure 1.6 | Online Sales of Art and Antiques 2013–2021 36
Figure 1.7 | Share of Online Sales in the Art Market versus General Retail 2016–2021 37
Figure 1.8 | Share of Value of Art and Collectibles in All NFT Sales 2019–2021 41
Figure 1.9 | Sales of Art and Collectibles NFTs 2019–2021 42
Figure 1.10 | Share of Primary Versus Secondary Sales of Art NFTs 2019–2021 43
Figure 1.11 | Share of Primary versus Secondary Sales of Collectibles NFTs 2019–2021 44
Figure 1.12 | Monthly Values Traded in Art and Collectibles NFTs 2019–2022 45
Figure 2.1 | Annual Sales Turnover of Survey Respondents in 2021 65
Figure 2.2 | Dealers’ Number of Years in Business in 2021 66
Figure 2.3 | Average Change in Sales Values by Dealer Turnover Segment 2020–2021 69
Figure 2.4 | Average and Median Sales in the Primary versus Secondary Markets 2020–2021 71
Figure 2.5 | Average Change in Turnover by Dealer Sector 2020–2021 73
Figure 2.6 | Fine Art Dealers’ Share of Sales by Value and Medium in 2021 74
Figure 2.7 | Share of Dealers Selling NFTs in 2021 75
Figure 2.8 | Share of the Volume of Sales by Dealers 2019–2021 76
Figure 2.9 | Share of the Volume of Sales by Price Bracket in 2021 76
Figure 2.10 | Dealers’ Outlook for Sales in 2022 78
Figure 2.11 | Share of Total Costs for Dealers 2020 versus 2021 81
Figure 2.12 | Change in (Net) Profitability 2020 versus 2021 82
Figure 2.13 | Number of Buyers in 2021 85
Figure 2.14 | Share of Dealer Sales to Buyer Groups by Purchase History in 2021 86
Figure 2.15 | Share of Dealer Sales by Buyer Type in 2021 87
Figure 2.16 | Share of the Value of Dealer Sales by Sales Channel 90
Figure 2.17 | Share of the Value of Art Fair Sales by Dealers by Year and Level of Turnover 2019–2021 91
Figure 2.18 | Average Number of Gallery Exhibitions by Year and Level of Turnover 2019–2022 93
Figure 2.19 | Art Fairs Held 2019, 2020, and 2021 94
Figure 2.20 | Number of Art Fairs Held by Region in 2020 and 2021 96
Figure 2.21 | Change in Visitor Numbers 2019 versus 2021 – Selected Fairs 97
Figure 2.22 | Change in Exhibitor Numbers 2019 versus 2021 – Selected Fairs 99
Figure 2.23 | Average Number of Art Fairs by Year and Level of Turnover 2019–2022 100
Figure 2.24 | Dealers’ Outlook for Art Fair Sales in 2022 102
Figure 2.25 | Dealers’ Share of Online Sales in 2019, 2020, and 2021 104
Figure 2.26 | Average Share of the Value of Dealer Sales Made Online in 2019, 2020, and 2021
by Level of Turnover 105
Figure 2.27 | Share of the Value of Online Sales by Dealers by Buyer Category in 2021 107
Figure 2.28 | Share of Online Sales by Buyer Category and Level of Dealer Turnover in 2021 108
Figure 2.29 | Online Strategies Used by Dealers in 2020, 2021, and Planned for 2022 109
Figure 2.30 | Most Helpful Online Strategies for Dealers in 2021 110
Figure 2.31 | Share of Dealers Engaged in Online and Offline Collaborations in 2020, 2021, and Planned for 2022 113
Figure 2.32 | Dealers’ Outlook for Online Sales in 2022 115
Figure 2.33 | Dealers’ Views on the Permanence of Pandemic-Led Changes 117
Figure 2.34 | Top Five Business Priorities for Dealers 2019–2023 118
Table 3.1 | Website Metrics of Selected Auction Aggregators and Auction Houses in 2021 142
Table 3.2 | Annual Growth and Share of Auction Sales by Price Segment 2019–2021 151
Table 3.3 | Global Market Share: Old Masters Auction Market in 2021 183
Figure 3.1 | Global Auction Sales 2019–2021 123
Figure 3.2 | Global Public Auction Market Share by Value in 2021 124
Figure 3.3 | Second-Tier Auction House Share of Sales by Sales Channel in 2021 130
Figure 3.4 | Number of Buyers in 2021 by Second-Tier Auction House Turnover Level 131
Figure 3.5 | Share of Second-Tier Auction House Sales to Buyers by Purchase Historyin 2021 132
Figure 3.6 | Change in Net Profits for Second-Tier Auction Houses 2021 versus 2020 133
Figure 3.7 | Increase in Share of Online-Only Sales: Sotheby’s, Christie’s, and Phillips 2009–2021 136
Figure 3.8 | Share of Online Sales by Second-Tier Auction House Annual Turnover in 2021 139
Figure 3.9 | Share of Sales via ATG’s Art and Antiques Platforms 2020–2021 140
Figure 3.10 | Share of Sales via LiveAuctioneers.com 2019–2021 140
Figure 3.11 | Change in Global Website Traffic Ranking 2017 versus 2021 143
Figure 3.12 | Share of Online Lots Sold at Fine Art Auctions in 2021 144
Figure 3.13 | Share of Online Lots Sold at Fine Art Auctions in 2021 by Price Segment 145
Figure 3.14 | Share of Online Lots Sold in Total Sales at Fine Art Auctions in 2021 by Price Segment 146
Figure 3.15 | Share of Lots Sold and Total Values at Fine Art Auctions in 2021 by Price Bracket 148
Figure 3.16 | Growth of Sales by Value in Auction Price Segments 2005–2021 150
Figure 3.17 | Market Share in Auction Price Segments 2009–2021 152
Figure 3.18 | Market Share of the Fine Art Auction Market by Price Segment in 2021 153
Figure 3.19 | Market Share by Value of the Fine Art Auction Market: Selected Years 2000–2021 158
Figure 3.20 | Market Share by Sector of the Fine Art Auction Market in 2021 159
Figure 3.21 | Post-War and Contemporary Art Auction Sales: 2009–2021 161
Figure 3.22 | Market Share of the Post-War and Contemporary Sector in 2021 162
Figure 3.23 | Sales in the Post-War and Contemporary Sector Key Markets 2009–2021 163
Figure 3.24 | Sales by Price Bracket in the Post-War and Contemporary Sector in 2021 164
Figure 3.25 | Sales of Works by Living versus Deceased Post-War and Contemporary Artists 2017–2021 165
Figure 3.26 | Share of Sales by Living versus Deceased Post-War and Contemporary Artists in 2021 166
Figure 3.27 | Share of Sales within the Post-War and Contemporary Sector in 2021:
Living and Deceased Artists’ Works 167
Figure 3.28 | Share of Sales of Living Artists’ Works by Price Bracket in 2021 169
Figure 3.29 | Modern Art Auction Sales 2009–2021 171
Figure 3.30 | Market Share of the Modern Art Sector in 2021 172
Figure 3.31 | Sales in the Modern Art Sector Key Markets 2009–2021 173
Figure 3.32 | Share of Sales in the Modern Art Sector by Price Bracket in 2021 174
Figure 3.33 | Impressionist and Post-Impressionist Auction Sales 2009–2021 176
Figure 3.34 | Market Share of the Impressionist and Post-Impressionist Sector in 2021 177
Figure 3.35 | Sales in the Impressionist and Post-Impressionist Sector Key Markets
2009–2021 178
Figure 3.36 | Sales by Price Bracket in the Impressionist and Post-Impressionist Sector
in 2021 179
Figure 3.37 | Old Masters Auction Sales 2009–2021 182
Figure 3.38 | Sales in the Old Masters Sector Key Markets 2009–2021 184
Figure 3.39 | Sales in the Old Masters Sector by Price Bracket in 2021 186
Figure 4.1 | Growth and Estimates in Regional and World GDP 2008–2022 193
Figure 4.2 | Change in Consumer Prices (Inflation) and Sales in the Art Market
2000–2022 193
Figure 4.3 | The Distribution of World Wealth in 2021 195
Figure 4.4 | Number and Wealth of Dollar Millionaires 2012–2021 196
Figure 4.5 | Global Share of the Population of Dollar Millionaires in 2021 197
Figure 4.6 | Number and Wealth of Billionaires 2008–2021 199
Figure 4.7 | Global Share of Billionaires in 2021 200
Figure 4.8 | Changes in Billionaire Wealth December 2020–December 2021 201
Figure 4.9 | HNW Collector Survey: Market Summaries 204
Figure 4.10 | HNW Collectors’ Allocation to Art in Overall Portfolio of Wealth in 2021 209
Figure 4.11 | Length of Time Collecting by HNW Collector Location 211
Figure 4.12 | Size of HNW Collector Collections (Number of Works) in 2021 213
Figure 4.13 | Collection Content: Share of Works by Artist Status in 2021 216
Figure 4.14 | Collection Content: Share of Male versus Female Artists’ Works in 2021 217
Figure 4.15 | Collection Content: Share of Works by Medium in 2021 218
Figure 4.16 | Share of HNW Collectors Having Purchased Art, Collectibles, and Luxury Assets in 2020 and 2021 220
Figure 4.17 | Median Number of Purchases by HNW Collectors 2019–2021 221
Figure 4.18 | Median Value of Expenditure by HNW Collectors 2019–2021 222
Figure 4.19 | Share of HNW Collectors Spending over $1 million on Art and Antiques by Wealth Level 2019–2021 223
Figure 4.20 | Median Expenditure by Male versus Female HNW Collectors 2019–2021 225
Figure 4.21 | Most Common Price Range for Purchasing Works of Art in 2021 226
Figure 4.22 | Share of HNW Collector Expenditure on Art by Medium in 2021 229
Figure 4.23 | HNW Collector Average Expenditure on Digital Art in 2021 230
Figure 4.24 | Share of Expenditure by HNW Collectors Who Bought NFTs in 2021 231
Figure 4.25 | HNW Collector Expenditure on NFTs by Generation in 2021 232
Figure 4.26 | Sales Channels used by HNW Collectors for Purchasing in 2021 234
Figure 4.27 | Use of Online Channels for Purchasing by Generation in 2021 236
Figure 4.28 | HNW Collectors’ Average Share of Expenditure by Channel in 2021 237
Figure 4.29 | HNW Collectors’ First Preferences for Purchasing Art in 2021 238
Figure 4.30 | Number of Galleries HNW Collectors Purchased from in 2021 239
Figure 4.31 | Preferences of HNW Collectors for Local versus Overseas Galleries in 2022 241
Figure 4.32 | Share of Galleries that HNW Collectors Purchased From in 2021 by Gallery Focus 242
Figure 4.33 | HNW Collector Focus Regarding Galleries during 2021 243
Figure 4.34 | HNW Collector Focus Regarding Artists during 2021 244
Figure 4.35 | HNW Collector Profiles in 2021 247
Figure 4.36 | Share of HNW Collectors Having Resold Works from Their Collections in 2020 and 2021 248
Figure 4.37 | HNW Collector Motivations for Selling Works from their Collections 249
Figure 4.38 | Top 10 Concerns of HNW Collectors Regarding the Art Market in 2021 251
Table 5.1 | Outlook of HNW Art Collectors over the Short-, Medium-, and Long-Term 261
Figure 5.1 | HNW Collector Intentions for Purchases and Sales of Art by Generation in 2022 262
Figure 5.2 | HNW Collector Intentions for Purchases of Art by Medium in 2022 263
Figure 5.3 | Dealers’ Outlook for Sales in 2022 264
Figure 5.4 | Second-Tier Auction Houses’ Outlook for Sales in 2022 265
主要发现 21
1.1 |全球销售概览 23
1.2 |区域市场表现 28
1.3 |在线销售 36
1.4 | 2021 年的艺术和 NFT 40
主要发现 61
2.1 | 2021 年接受调查的经销商 63
2.2 |经销商销售 68
2.3 |经销商利润率 80
2.4 |买家 84
2.5 |艺术博览会 89
2.6 |在线销售和策略 104
2.7 |经销商行业展望 115
主要发现 120
3.1 | 2021年拍卖销售额 122
3.2 |网上拍卖销售 135
3.3 |美术拍卖中的价格分割 148
3.4 |美术部门 156
3.5 |战后和当代艺术 161
3.6 |现代艺术 171
3.7 |印象派和后印象派 176
3.8 |古典大师和欧洲古典大师 181
主要发现 189
4.1 | 2021年全球财富 191
4.2 |财富分配和百万富翁 195
4.3 | 2021 年的亿万富翁 199
4.4 |高净值收藏家调查 203
4.5 |高净值收集器样本 209 的描述
4.6 |馆藏内容 213
4.7 | 2021年艺术开支 220
4.8 |数字艺术和 NFT 支出 229
4.9 | 2021年高净值收藏家的购买渠道 234
4.10 |高净值收藏家的看法和动机 246
4.11 | 2021 年高净值收藏家的担忧 251
主要发现 254
5.1 |结论 255
5.2 | 2022 年展望 260
图 1.1 | 2009-2021 年全球艺术市场销售额 25
图 1.2 | 2009-2021 年全球艺术品和古董市场销售额增长 26
图 1.3 | 2021 年按价值分列的全球艺术品市场份额 28
图 1.4 | 2012-2021年美国、英国和大中华区全球艺术品市场份额 29
图 1.5 | 2009-2021 年主要艺术市场的销售额 30
图 1.6 | 2013-2021 年艺术品和古董在线销售 36
图 1.7 | 2016-2021 年艺术品市场在线销售与一般零售的份额 37
图 1.8 | 2019-2021 年所有 NFT 销售中艺术品和收藏品的价值份额 41
图 1.9 | 2019-2021 年艺术品和收藏品 NFT 销售 42
图 1.10 | 2019-2021 年艺术品 NFT 初级与二级销售的份额 43
图 1.11 | 2019-2021 年 NFT 收藏品的初级与次级销售份额 44
图 1.12 | 2019-2022 年艺术品和收藏品 NFT 月交易价值 45
图 2.1 | 2021年受访者年销售额 65
图 2.2 | 2021年经销商经营年限 66
图 2.3 | 2020-2021 年按经销商营业额细分的销售价值平均变化 69
图 2.4 | 2020-2021 年一级市场和二级市场的平均销售额和中位数 71
图 2.5 | 2020-2021 年经销商行业平均营业额变化 73
图 2.6 | 2021 年艺术品经销商按价值和媒介分列的销售额份额 74
图 2.7 | 2021 年销售 NFT 的经销商份额 75
图 2.8 | 2019-2021 年经销商销售量占比 76
图 2.9 | 2021年各价位销售量占比 76
图 2.10 |经销商2022年销售展望 78
图 2.11 | 2020 年与 2021 年经销商总成本的份额 81
图 2.12 | 2020 年与 2021 年(净)盈利能力的变化 82
图 2.13 | 2021年买家数量 85
图 2.14 | 2021 年按购买历史划分的经销商对买方群体的销售份额 86
图 2.15 | 2021 年按买方类型划分的经销商销售额份额 87
图 2.16 |按销售渠道划分的经销商销售额占比 90
图 2.17 | 2019-2021 年按年份和营业额划分的经销商在艺博会销售额中所占的份额 91
图 2.18 | 2019-2022 年画廊展览的平均数量和营业额水平 93
图 2.19 | 2019、2020 和 2021 年举办的艺术博览会 94
图 2.20 | 2020年和2021年各地区举办的艺术博览会数量 96
图 2.21 | 2019 年与 2021 年游客人数的变化——部分展会 97
图 2.22 | 2019 年与 2021 年参展商数量的变化——部分展会 99
图 2.23 | 2019-2022 年平均艺术博览会数量和营业额 100
图 2.24 |经销商对 2022 年艺博会销售的展望 102
图 2.25 | 2019年、2020年和2021年经销商在线销售份额 104
图 2.26 | 2019 年、2020 年和 2021 年在线经销商销售额的平均份额按营业额 105
图 2.27 | 2021年按买家类别划分的经销商在线销售价值份额 107
图 2.28 | 2021年按买家类别和经销商营业额划分的在线销售份额 108
图 2.29 |经销商在 2020 年、2021 年和计划在 2022 年使用的在线策略 109
图 2.30 | 2021 年对经销商最有用的在线策略 110
图 2.31 | 2020年、2021年及2022年计划开展线上线下合作的经销商比例 113
图 2.32 |经销商对 2022 年在线销售的展望 115
图 2.33 |经销商对大流行导致变化的持久性的看法 117
图 2.34 | 2019-2023 年经销商的前五项业务重点 118
表 3.1 | 2021 年选定拍卖聚合商和拍卖行的网站指标 142
表 3.2 | 2019-2021 年按价格细分的拍卖销售额的年度增长和份额 151
表 3.3 |全球市场份额:2021 年古典大师拍卖市场 183
图 3.1 | 2019-2021 年全球拍卖销售额 123
图 3.2 | 2021 年按价值分列的全球公开拍卖市场份额 124
图 3.3 | 2021年按销售渠道划分的二级拍卖行销售额占比 130
图 3.4 | 2021年二级拍卖行成交量131级买家数量
图 3.5 | 2021 年按购买历史划分的二级拍卖行向买家销售的份额 132
图 3.6 | 2021 年与 2020 年二级拍卖行的净利润变化 133
图 3.7 |在线销售份额增加:苏富比、佳士得和菲利普斯 2009-2021 136
图 3.8 | 2021年二级拍卖行年营业额在线销售占比 139
图 3.9 | 2020-2021 年 ATG 艺术品和古董平台的销售额份额 140
图 3.10 |通过 LiveAuctioneers.com 销售的份额 2019–2021 140
图 3.11 | 2017 年与 2021 年全球网站流量排名的变化 143
图 3.12 | 2021 年在美术拍卖会上售出的在线拍品份额 144
图 3.13 | 2021 年在美术拍卖中售出的在线拍品份额(按价格段) 145
图 3.14 | 2021 年美术拍卖在线拍卖品在总销售额中的份额(按价格细分) 146
图 3.15 | 2021 年艺术品拍卖中售出的拍品份额和总价值,按价格范围 148
图 3.16 | 2005-2021 年拍卖价格段中按价值划分的销售额增长 150
图 3.17 | 2009-2021 年拍卖价格细分市场份额 152
图 3.18 | 2021年按价格细分的美术拍卖市场份额 153
图 3.19 |美术拍卖市场按价值划分的市场份额:2000-2021 年选定年份 158
图 3.20 | 2021 年美术拍卖市场按行业分列的市场份额 159
图 3.21 |战后及当代艺术拍卖销售额:2009–2021 161
图 3.22 | 2021年战后及当代市场份额 162
图 3.23 | 2009-2021 年战后和当代行业主要市场的销售额 163
图 3.24 | 2021 年战后和当代行业按价格等级划分的销售额 164
图 3.25 | 2017-2021 年在世与已故战后和当代艺术家的作品销售 165
图 3.26 | 2021 年在世与已故战后和当代艺术家的销售额份额 166
图 3.27 | 2021 年战后和当代行业的销售额份额:在世和已故艺术家的作品 167
图 3.28 | 2021年各价位在世艺术家作品销售额占比 169
图 3.29 |现代艺术拍卖 2009–2021 171
图 3.30 | 2021年现代艺术市场份额 172
图 3.31 | 2009-2021 年现代艺术领域主要市场的销售额 173
图 3.32 | 2021 年按价格等级划分的现代艺术领域的销售额份额 174
图 3.33 |印象派和后印象派拍卖 2009–2021 176
图 3.34 | 2021年印象派和后印象派部门的市场份额 177
图 3.35 |2009–2021印象派和后印象派主要市场的销售 178
图 3.36 |2021 年印象派和后印象派部门按价格范围划分的销售额 179
图 3.37 |古典大师拍卖会 2009–2021 182
图 3.38 | 2009-2021 年古典大师领域主要市场的销售额 184
图 3.39 | 2021 年按价格范围划分的古典大师领域的销售额 186
图 4.1 | 2008-2022 年区域和世界 GDP 的增长和估计 193
图 4.2 |消费价格(通货膨胀)和艺术品市场销售的变化2000–2022 193
图 4.3 | 2021年世界财富分布 195
图 4.4 | 2012-2021 年百万富翁的数量和财富 196
图 4.5 | 2021年美元百万富翁人口的全球份额 197
图 4.6 | 2008-2021 年亿万富翁的数量和财富 199
图 4.7 | 2021 年全球亿万富翁比例 200
图 4.8 | 2020 年 12 月至 2021 年 12 月亿万富翁财富的变化 201
图 4.9 |高净值收藏家调查:市场总结 204
图 4.10 |高净值收藏家在 2021 年的整体财富组合中对艺术品的分配 209
图 4.11 |高净值收集者位置 211 收集的时间长度
图 4.12 | 2021年高净值收藏家收藏规模(作品数量) 213
图 4.13 |收藏内容:2021年艺术家状态作品分享 216
图 4.14 |收藏内容:2021年男女艺术家作品占比 217
图 4.15 |收藏内容:2021年Medium的作品份额 218
图 4.16 | 2020 年和 2021 年高净值收藏家购买艺术品、收藏品和奢侈品资产的份额 220
图 4.17 | 2019-2021 年高净值收藏家的购买数量中位数 221
图 4.18 | 2019-2021 年高净值收藏家的支出中位数 222
图 4.19 |高净值收藏家在艺术品和艺术品上花费超过 100 万美元的份额
图 4.20 | 2019-2021 年男性与女性高净值收藏家的平均支出 225
图 4.21 | 2021 年购买艺术品的最常见价格范围 226
图 4.22 | 2021 年按媒体划分的高净值收藏家艺术支出份额 229
图 4.23 | 2021 年高净值收藏家在数字艺术上的平均支出 230
图 4.24 | 2021 年购买 NFT 的高净值收藏家的支出份额 231
图 4.25 | 2021 年按代划分的高净值收藏家 NFT 支出 232
图 4.26 | 2021年高净值收藏家购买的销售渠道 234
图 4.27 | 2021年分代购买线上渠道使用情况 236
图 4.28 | 2021年高净值收藏家按渠道分列的平均支出份额 237
图 4.29 | 2021年高净值收藏家购买艺术品的首选 238
图 4.30 | 2021 年高净值收藏家购买的画廊数量 239
图 4.31 | 2022 年高净值收藏家对本地画廊与海外画廊的偏好 241
图 4.32 |高净值收藏家在 2021 年购买的画廊份额 by Gallery Focus 242
图 4.33 | 2021 年高净值收藏家对画廊的关注 243
图 4.34 | 2021 年高净值收藏家对艺术家的关注 244
图 4.35 | 2021 年高净值收藏家简介 247
图 4.36 | 2020 年和 2021 年转售作品的高净值收藏家比例 248
图 4.37 |高净值收藏家出售藏品的动机 249
图 4.38 | 2021年高净值收藏家对艺术市场的十大担忧 251
表 5.1 |高净值艺术收藏家的短期、中期和长期展望 261
图 5.1 | 2022 年高净值收藏家购买和销售艺术品的意向 262
图 5.2 | 2022 年高净值收藏家购买艺术品的意向 263
图 5.3 |经销商2022年销售展望 264
图 5.4 |二级拍卖行2022年销售展望 265
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