2020年世界贸易报告(英文 208页)

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Contents

Acknowledgements and Disclaimer 2

Abbreviations and symbols 3

Foreword by Deputy Directors-General Agah, Brauner, Wolff and Yi 4

Executive summary 6

A. Introduction 14

1. A new wave of government policies 16

2. Government policies redux 16

3. Government policies are as old as industrialization 17

4. Maximizing positive spill-overs while minimizing the negative ones – the critical role of international cooperation 19

B. Defining innovation-oriented government policies and their evolution in the digital age 22

1. Introduction 24

2. A new wave of government policies: when, where, what? 24

3. Mapping government policy instruments in the digital era: old tools, new tools 49

4. Conclusions 75

C. Innovation policy, trade and the digital challenge 78

1. Introduction 80

2. The rationale for innovation policy in the digital era 83

3. The determinants of innovation in the digital era 92

4. Cross-border effects of innovation policies 117

5. Conclusions 123

D. International cooperation on innovation policies in the digital age 128

1. Introduction 130

2. The existing framework of international cooperation 130

3. Do we need more cooperation on innovation policies in the digital age? 156

4. Conclusions 171

Opinion pieces

Justin Yifu Lin, “Industrial policy revisited” 26

Mariana Mazzucato, “Mission-oriented innovation and industrial policy” 101

Emily J. Blanchard, “Education and health as industrial policy” 111

Dani Rodrik, “Industrial policy, innovation and global rules” 162

Bibliography 176

Technical notes 193

List of figures, tables and boxes 198

WTO members 201

Previous World Trade Reports 202

内容

致谢和免责声明2

缩写和符号3

副总干事Agah，Brauner，Wolff和Yi的前言4

执行摘要6

A.简介14

1.新一轮政府政策16

2.减少政府政策16

3.政府政策与工业化一样古老17

4.最大限度地扩大积极的溢出效应，同时最大程度减少消极的溢出效应–国际合作的关键作用19

B.定义创新型政府政策及其在数字时代的演变22

1.简介24

2.新一波政府政策：何时，何地，什么？ 24

3.绘制数字时代的政府政策工具图：旧工具，新工具49

4.结论75

C.创新政策，贸易和数字挑战78

1.引言80

2.数字时代创新政策的基础83

3.数字时代创新的决定因素92

4.创新政策的跨国影响117

5.结论123

D.数字时代创新政策方面的国际合作128

1.简介130

2.现有的国际合作框架130

3.在数字时代，我们是否需要在创新政策方面进行更多合作？ 156

4.结论171